BRAIN

Safely inside the skull, the brain allows the sense ,think ,learn,remember,and move it. It also automatically regulates vital function such as breathing, the cerebrum, the main part of the brain ,has two halves, or hemispheres. The left hemisphere controls  the right side of the body and is in charge of language, maths, and problem  solving , while the right side controls the body's left side and deals with creativity, music, and art. The cerebrum's many tasks are carried out by it's outer layer , or cortex. This has distinct areas that have different roles. Motor areas trigger movement,sensory areas deal with the senses, while association areas interpret information.

1. PREFRONTAL CORTEX 

The most complex part of the cerebrum, the prefrontal cortex makes us what we are. It determines our personality and intellect , and enables us to reason, plan, create, and learn complex ideas, and have a conscience.

2. BROCA'S AREA 

Named after paul broca, the 19th century doctor who discovered it, Broca's area is normally found in the left hemisphere. It plans what a person wants to say and send instructions to muscle in the throat, tongue, and lips that produce speech.

3. PREMOTOR CORTEX

 Learned movement skills, such as playing tennis,are controlled and coordinated by the premotor cortex.It tells specific muscles, to contract either through the primary motors cortex or, in some cases, directly.

4.PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX

Most movements we make are controlled by the primary motor cortex. Guided by information from the cerebellum and other brain parts,it sends instructions to muscles that move the skeleton instructing them when,and in what sequences, to contract.

5. PRIMARY  SENSORY CORTEX

Receptors in the skin for touch, pressure,vibration,heat and cold, and pain send signals to the primary sensory cortex enabling us to feel those sensations. Our lips and fingerprints have high concentrations of receptors, hence their sensitivity.

6. SENSORY ASSOCIATION CORTEX 

Basic information about touch, pressure, and other skin sensations is passed on by the primary sensory cortex to the sensory association cortex. Here sensations are analyzed,stored and compared with previous experiences,It enables us to identify objects by touch.

7.PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX

When lights hits the retain at the back of each eye,its light detector sends signals to the primary visual cortex. Here those signals are interpreted as basic shapes, colours,and movements before being passed cortex.

8. VISUAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX 

This is where information from the primary visual cortex about seen is interpreted and compared with previous visual experiences. The visual association cortex identifies what we are look-ing at and where it is in space, enabling us to "see"it. 

9.CEREBELLUM 

The cerebellum is responsible for producing smooth, coordinated movements of the body. It analyzes incoming about the body's current position and movement , then interacts with the primary motor cortex to precisely time muscle contractions.

10.WERNICKE'S AREA 

Usually located in the left hemisphere, wernicke's area gives meaning to words that have been heard or read. Named after the German doctor Karl Wernicke, it has a direct link to broca's area enabling us to speak the words we hear or see.

11. PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX 

When sounds are detected by the two ears they send signals to the primary auditory cortex. Here the loudness, pitch (whether high or low), and rhythm of sounds are identified. that information is passed on to the auditory associations area.

12. AUDITORY ASSOCIATION AREA

Sounds are "heard" in the auditory association area. Using information received from the primary auditory cortex, it pieces together the complete sound.and.. by comparing it with sounds stored in memory, identifies it as, for example, music,speech, or thunder.